Taxonomy from two Greek word : Taxis- arrangement and Nomos- law
(Arrangements of Plants according to law)
•Taxonomy deals with the study of naming, identification, evolution and classification of plants. •Based on characteristics all living organisms can be classified into different Taxa. This process of classification is termed as Taxonomy
- Classification involves hierarchy of steps
- Each step represents a rank or category
- Category is a part of overall taxonomic arrangement
- It is called the taxonomic category
- And all categories together constitute the taxonomic hierarchy
- Each Category is unit of classification and represent a rank. It termed as Taxon (pl. taxa)
- Taxa: a taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class
Taxonomical studies of organisms have led to development of categories such as, Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species
Species (smallest unit of Taxonomic categories)
- Group of organisms with fundamental similarities are known as species
- On the basis of morphological difference, one species can be distinguished from the other closely related species.
- Example: •Mangifera indica, Solanum tuberosum
- Mangifera and Solanum represent genus which is higher level of Taxon/category than the species
- Each genus may have one or more than one species which represents different organism Example: Solanum nigrum and Solanum melongena
Genus (unit of Taxonomic categories)
•Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera •i.e Genera are the aggregation of closely related species.
Example: Potato and Brinjal are two different species but all belongs to the Genus Solanum
Family (unit of Taxonomic categories)
- It is the group of related Genera with less number of similarities as compared to Genus and Species
- It is categorised on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species
- Example:
Three different Genera – Solanum, Petunia and Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae
Order (unit of Taxonomic categories)
•Order and other higher taxonomic catagories are identified on the based on the aggregates of characters
•It is the assemblage of Families which exhibit a few similar characters
•Example: Families like Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae are included in the order Polymoniales
Class (unit of Taxonomic categories)
- This category includes related orders
- Example:
- Class: Dicotyledons
- SubClass: Polypetalae includes Order- Ranales, Parietales, Malvales etc.
Division (unit of Taxonomic categories)
•Classes with few similar characters are assigned to a higher category called Division
•Example: Angiospermae
Kingdom (unit of Taxonomic categories)
- The kingdom Plantae comprises all plants from various divisions
- Hence known as Plant Kingdom
Plants with their Taxonomic Categories
| Common name | Biological name | Genus | Family | Order | Class | Division |
| Mango | Mangifera indica | Mangifera | Anacardiaceae | Sapindales | Dicotyledonae | Angiospermae |
| Wheat | Triticum aestivum | Triticum | Poaceae | Poales | Monocotyledonae | Angiospermae |
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